Pergolas are some of my favorite outdoor structures. They offer filtered shade, create a sense of space for patios and add architectural interest to backyards and courtyards. Pergolas are especially effective in smaller outdoor spaces where solid walls and rooftops would be too overwhelming, or where no porch or veranda is available. Wood is often used for the framed cross timbers, while concrete, brick and stone may be used for the support columns, especially to bear the weight load of a larger structure. I always recommend protective metal flashing (copper is my favorite) for the top of the beams to make them water resistant. Outdoor fabric and plexiglass are sometimes used as lightweight coverings for pergolas that permit light yet protect from wind and rain. As with other outdoor features, I like to see fountains and live plants incorporated in pergolas wherever possible—wisteria and popular flowering vines may be added to enhance the beauty of the structure, as well as provide additional shade. Thin stainless steel rods running perpendicular to the cross beams may be added to support the weight of the heavy vines. Heaters, low-voltage lights and ceiling fans can be wired into the arbor’s beams to add to the livability and entertainment possibilities. With endless design options, a pergola can add a sense of space and organization to your outdoor area, and a perfect spot for three-season gatherings.